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2020文化統計
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類別：其他專案出版品
出版品名稱：2020文化統計
研究人員：林詠能,卓怡君
出版年月：202012
頁數：
關鍵字：文化,統計,cultural , Statistics
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內容摘要
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我國《文化統計》乃依據「2009年聯合國教科文組織文化統計架構」與我國「2012年文化部文化統計架構」之內容所編定，連結國際文化統計相關分類標準，以呈現文化的社會與經濟等整體文化面貌。本書內容分為「文化與行政」、「文化與教育」、「文化與社會」、「文化與產業」等四大領域綱領。「文化與行政」為政府組織、人力、資源投入與法規等面向；「文化與教育」為文化專業人才在政府、學校及社會的培訓現況；「文化與社會」為民眾的文化參與實踐；「文化與產業」則呈現我國文化創意產業發展樣態。以下為我國2019年文化統計結果之摘要說明。
（一）文化與行政
文化與行政主要呈現我國2019年公部門及第三部門之組織編制、人力、經費與法規新增修訂之概況。其中在文化行政人力上，2019年文化部及所屬機關(構)與行政法人人力總數達2,891人，其他中央政府機關業務涉及文化領域之人力共計2,976人，二者合計5,867人，較2018年之5,498人增加6.71%，至於2019年地方政府文化局(處)及行政法人之人力則增加4.09%，為4,857人。
在文化經費編列方面，我國2019年中央政府文化支出預算為28,802.04百萬元，較2018大幅增加10.25%，在中央政府文化支出預算占中央政府總預算的比率上，由2018年之1.33%提高至2019年之1.44%。在各地方政府文化支出預算金額上，亦由2018年之34,338.15百萬元大幅增加至2019年之39,395.74百萬元，占地方政府總預算的比率亦由2018年之2.92%大幅增加至2019年之3.28%。在文化部之預算上，2019年文化部及所屬機關(構)共計編列預算19,813.8百萬元，占中央政府文化支出預算總金額之68.79%，占中央政府總預算之比率為0.99%，已接近1%，若納入前瞻基礎建設預算分配數70.43億元，2019年文化部預算占中央政府總預算的比率則超過1%。在行政法人的部分，國家表演藝術中心2019年之總收入決算為3,035,407千元，較2018年之2,366,795千元大幅增加28.25%，而文化內容策進院於2019年11月8日成立，2019年總收入決算為188,829千元。在文化事務財團法人年度經費上，2019年每家平均收入為57,815.6千元，收入金額高於支出金額家數占比為65.71%，平均收入及收入大於支出家數占比皆較2018年減少。
在補助金額上，2019年文化部補助縣市政府及國內團體金額達11,802.0百萬元(其中前瞻基礎建設計畫補助金額為4,130.6百萬元)，較2018年大幅增加14.0%。國家文化藝術基金會常態性及專案性補助件數共計1,092件，補助金額為3.57億元，補助金額較2018年略微減少。
整體觀之，2019年中央政府與地方政府人力、文化經費皆有增加的現象，文化部對藝文的補助亦因前瞻基礎建設計畫經費的挹注，補助金額較2018年大幅提高。惟在文化行政法人及文化事務財團法人的收入上，平均每家收入及收入金額高於支出金額家數占比皆較2018年降低。
（二）文化與教育
文化與教育主要說明我國文化領域之人才培育情形。2019年國內共有152所大專校院開設文化相關學門課程，聘任專任教師數9,297名，文化相關學門學生人數為284,792人，占國內高等教育在學學生人數之23.47%，文化相關學門畢業生數為66,116人，約占全國高等教育畢業生數之21.95%。在高中職文化相關學科方面，學生數為98,740人，占高中職總學生數的比率為15.36%，畢業生數為39,474人，占高中職總畢業生數的17.09%，在少子化趨勢下，文化學門/學科學生數及畢業生數皆較2018年下降。為了推動社區營造，2019年文化部共編列11.29億元經費推動「社區營造與村落文化發展計畫」及「博物館與地方文化館推動與輔導計畫」，結合在地居民、團體力量，培育社造人才，讓文化在地方落實生根。
（三）文化與社會
文化與社會主要呈現我國文化資源、文化活動的展現、參與及交流情況。在文化資產方面，2019年古蹟/歷史建築/聚落建築群/考古遺址/文化景觀數共計2,671處，古物件組達2,107組/件，傳統藝術、民俗、口述傳統及傳統知識與實踐共計616項。在文化設施數量上，2019年我國文化展演場所總計3,967處，平均每百萬民眾享有之文化展演場所數為168個，在博物館及地方文化館家數上，2019年共計315家，其中博物館專業認定家數為77家。
在藝文活動的參與上，2019年全國藝文活動共計舉辦57,246個，出席人次則為255,389千人次，平均每萬人享有之藝文活動場次為24場，平均每人出席藝文活動次數為10.82次，較2018年上升。2019年國立文化相關機關共計32家，總入館人次為4,268.59萬人次，平均每館入館人次為133.39萬人次，較2018年之120.20萬人次增加，惟收費入館人次占總入館人次之26.64%，較2018年之28.78%低。
在影視及流行音樂的概況上，2019年全國電影發行部數為827部，較2018年減少69部，在票房上，全國電影票房為101.91億元，其中國片票房為7.03億元，占6.90%。而在臺灣地區音樂市場，2019年音樂銷售額約為21.23億元，較2018年減少4.29%，其中實體唱片銷售較2018年大幅下降12.97%，而數位音樂市場亦呈現下降，減少1.69%，為近年來首次呈現衰退。整體而言，2019年臺灣地區音樂市場上實體唱片及數位銷售皆呈現衰退的現象。
在文化參與率上，本年調查的數據反映過去一年的參與行為，即為2019年及2020年的平均狀況。在過去一年(2019/2020年)民眾在各類型活動參與上，受到新冠肺炎的衝擊，現場活動的參與率(包括大眾傳播類之電影、表演藝術類、視覺藝術類、博物館、文化藝術機構與設施及文藝民俗節慶活動)皆較2018/2019年低，但較屬靜態的電視、報紙、雜誌參與率亦持續因消費型態改變而呈現下滑，僅有書籍、廣播的參與率呈現上升。在休閒、文化及教育消費支出上，2019年我國平均每戶家庭消費支出為829,199元，其中休閒、文化及教育消費支出為79,053元，占消費支出之9.53%，若扣除教育支出及套裝旅遊，平均每戶家庭文化消費支出為22,581元，較2018年增加2.59%。
整體而言，觀察2019年民眾對文化活動的參與上，在藝文活動的場次及參觀人次皆呈現增加的現象，在國立文化相關機關的參觀人次亦較2018年增加。而在消費面上，雖國立文化相關機關之收費入館人次占比較2018年降低，但家庭休閒、文化及教育消費支出金額及其占家庭消費支出比率則皆較2018年增加。另外，就民眾在2018/2019年文化參與率觀察，表演藝術、視覺藝術、文化相關機關及文藝民俗節慶活動的參與率皆較2017/2018年高，但2019/2020年則受到新冠肺炎影響，各類現場活動參與率皆較2018/2019年低。
（四）文化與產業
文化與產業主要呈現我國文化創意產業之發展情形。2019年我國文化創意產業總家數65,687家，較2018年增加2.00%；營業額為新臺幣9,124.08億元，較2018年增加3.70%；外銷占比為9.58%，略較2018年低，占我國名目國內生產毛額的比率則提升至4.82%。文化相關產業就業人數計275,799人，較2018年增加6.3%，占我國總就業人數比重為2.40%，較2018年增加。由上觀之，在2019年文化創意產業家數、人力、營業額、外銷金額及營業額占全國生產毛額之比率呈現增加的現象，但在外銷占比則較2018年下滑。
總而言之，2019年政府對文化支出經費大致上呈現大幅增加的現象，文化部對藝文補助金額亦是大幅增加。反映在參與層面上，在國立文化機關參觀人次、藝文活動參觀人次亦較2018年高，家庭休閒、文化及教育消費支出金額同樣較2018年高。但進入2020年，由於受到新冠肺炎的影響，民眾在最近一年(2019/2020年平均概況)藝文活動的參與上，包括電影、表演藝術、視覺藝術、文藝民俗節慶活動、文化藝術機構與設施的參與率皆呈現減少的現象。在產業發展上，我國文創產業持續成長，2019年文創產業的家數、營業額、外銷金額皆較2018年增加，營業額占全國GDP比重亦較2018年提升。
Taiwan’s “Cultural Statistics” are based on the basis of the “UNESCO Cultural Statistics Framework 2009” and from Taiwan’s Ministry of Culture “Cultural Statistics Framework 2012”, linking relevant international classification standards for cultural statistics to present an overall cultural outlook including the social and economic aspects of culture. The contents of this publication are divided into four major fields.“Culture and Administration” which covers aspects such as government organizations, personnel, resource input, and regulations; “Culture and Education” which concerns the training of cultural professionals in government, schools, and society; “Culture and Society” which covers the public’s cultural participation and practice; and “Culture and Industry” which presents the development of cultural and creative industries in Taiwan. The following is a summary of the results of 2019 cultural statistics.
1. Culture and Administration
“Culture and Administration” presents an overview of the organizational structure, personnel, funding and regulation amendments in Taiwan’s public and tertiary sectors in 2019. In 2019 there was a total of 2,891 personnel in the Ministry of Culture and its affiliates (organizations) and administrative legal departments. In other central government authorities with culture-related affairs there were 2,976 staff, these two groups together giving an overall total of 5,867 personnel. Compared with 2018’s 5,498 personnel this was an increase of 6.71%. As for the local government cultural bureaux and divisions, personnel increased by 4.09% to 4,857.
Taiwan’s central government cultural expenditure budget for 2019 was NT$28,802.04 million, a substantial increase of 10.25% compared with 2018. The proportion of cultural expenditure budget to total central government budget increase from 1.33% in 2018 to 1.44% in 2019. The expenditure on culture in local government also increased significantly from NT$34,338.15 million in 2018 to NT$39,395.74 million in 2019. The share of the total local government budget also increased significantly from 2.92% in 2018 to 3.28% in 2019. In 2019, the Ministry of Culture and its affiliated institutions’ budget totaled NT$19,813.8 million, accounting for 68.79% of the central government's total cultural expenditure budget, and 0.99% of the central government's total budget. This amount along with the budget of NT$70.43 billion allocated for the Forward-Looking Infrastructure Development Program accounts for more than 1% of the central government’s total budget in 2019. The total revenue of the National Performing Arts Centers was NT$3,035.407 million, a significant increase of 28.25% over the total revenue of NT$2,366.8 million in 2018. Taiwan Creative Content Agency established in June 2019. It’s revenue was NT$188.829 million. In 2018, cultural foundations’ average annual income was NT$57,815.6 thousand. The number of such foundations whose income was higher than expenditure was 65.71%. The average annual income and the number of those with a proportion of income highter than expenditure decreased compared with 2018.
In terms of subsidies, the Ministry of Culture granted NT$11,802.0 million to the local governments and domestic art groups, NT$4,130.6 million of which was designated for the Forward-Looking Infrastructure Development Program. This subsidies increased substantially by 14.0% from 2018 to 2019. There were 1,092 regular and special projects funded by the National Culture and Arts Foundation with a total of NT$357 million. The subsidies showed a slighly decreased from 2018 as these projects were included in the special projects donated by the Ministry of Culture in 2019.
As a whole, in 2019, central and local government personnel, cultural expenditure, and subsidies by the Ministry of Culture for art and culture were significant increase over 2018. But as for the income of cultural affairs businesses and foundations, the average income and the number of those with a proportion of income higher than expenditure decreased in 2019.
2.Culture and Education
“Culture and Education” explains the condition and status of current personnel cultivation in Taiwan’s culture-related sectors. In 2019, a total of 152 colleges and universities set up culture-related courses, employing 9,297 full-time teachers. The number of students engaged in culture-related departments was 284,792, accounting for 23.47% of the total number of students in domestic higher education. There were 66,116 graduates in culture-related departments, accounting for 21.95% of higher education graduates. The number of high school students engaged in culture-related disciplines was 98,740, accounting for 15.36% of the total number of high and secondary vocational school students. The number of graduates from culture-related disciplines was 39,474, or 17.09% of the total number of high school graduates. In 2019 to promote community cultural operations, the Ministry of Culture prepared a total of NT$1,129 million in funds for a “Community and Village Cultural Operation Development Plan” and a “Museum and Local Culture Hall Promotion and Guidance Project”, to combine both local residents and groups in nurturing local personnel.
3. Culture and Society
“Culture and Society” illustrates Taiwan’s cultural resources and cultural displays, participations, and cultural exchange activities. In 2019, there are a total of 2,671 monuments/historical buildings/settlements/archaeological sites/cultural landscapes; 2,107 historic objects, and 616 traditional art/folk and related cultural relics. In 2019, there were a total of 3,967 venues for cultural exhibitions and performances. The average number of cultural exhibition or performance venues per million people was 168. A total of 315 museums and local cultural centers received subsidies in 2019, of which the number of certified museums is now 77.
In terms of participation in arts and cultural activities, there were 57,8246 arts and cultural events held nationally. There were 255,389 thousand visits in 2019. The average number of arts and cultural events enjoyed per 10,000 people was 24, with an average of one person attending 10.82 arts events, which was higher than that of 2018. In 2019, there were a total of 32 national culture-related agencies with a total attendance of 42.6859 million visits. The average number of admissions per venue was 1.3339 million, which was an increase from the 1.202 million in 2018. Fee-paying visits and admissions accounted for 26.64% of the total number of admissions, which was lower than the 28.78% in 2018.
In film and popular music, in 2019, 827 films were released in Taiwan, a decrease of 69 over 2018. In box office terms, nationally, takings amounted to NT$10.191 billion. Taiwan domestic films accounted for 703 million or 6.9%. In Taiwan’s music market, 2019 sales were NT$2,123 million, down 4.329% from 2018, of which physical record sales decreased significantly by 12.97% from 2018, while the digital music market also decreased by 1.69%. On the whole, the music market has experienced a decline in physical sales and digital sales.
In cultural attendance rates, the survey data in this year reflects the participation of the past year, which is an average for 2019 and 2020. Over the period 2019/2020, impacted by COVID-19,the attendance rates in film, performing arts, visual arts, museum, visits to cultural institutes or venues and cultural and arts folk festival activities were lower than in 2018/2019. While attendance rates of static activity(eg.TV, newspapers, magazines) were all decrease because of the changes in consumption patterns, but the attendance rates of radio and books reading were increase. However, in spending on leisure, culture, and education, the average per household expenditure in 2019 was NT$829,199, of which spending on leisure, culture, and education was NT$79,053, accounting for 9.53% of consumer spending. However, if deducting spending on education and travel packages, the average household cultural consumption expenditure per household was NT$22,581, an increase of 2.59% over 2018.
Overall, in 2019, the number of cultural activities, the number of people attending cultural events and the number of visits to national cultural institutions all increased from 2018. Regarding consumption, although the number of paid admission to national culture-related institutions in 2019 was lower than that in 2018, the household leisure, cultural, and educational consumption expenditures and their proportion in the total household consumption expenditures increased in 2019 compared with those in 2018. In addition, The attendence rate for movies, performing arts, visual arts, cultural institutions and folk art festivals in 2019/2020 was higher than that in 2018/2019, whereas affected by COVID-19, all kind of attendance rates for live events were lower than that in 2018.
4. Culture and Industry
“Culture and Industry” illustrates the development of the cultural and creative industries in Taiwan. In 2019, there were 65,687 cultural and creative industries, an increase of 2.00% over 2018. Their turnover was NT$912,408 million, an increase of 3.70% compared to 2018, and export share accounted for 9.58%, which was lower that of 2018. Their ratio of gross domestic product rise to 4.82%. The number of employees in these industries was 275,799, an increase of 6.3% from 2018 and 2.40% of the overall national workforce, up from 2018. From these figures it can be seen that in 2019, an increase was observed in the number of cultural and creative industries, manpower, turnover, export sales and the proportion of turnover contributing to the gross domestic product (GDP). However, export share of such industries in 2019 decreased compared with that in 2018.
On the whole, government spending on culture substantially increased in 2019, and the amount of subsidies for culture by the Ministry of Culture also increased significantly. Reflected on the participation, people’s visits cultural institutions and attendance in arts and cultural activities showed an increase, and the expenditures for household leisure, cultural, and educational consumption in 2019 were higher than those in 2018. But in 2019/2020, it shows that the attendance rates in film, performing arts, visual arts, museum, visits to cultural institutes or venues and cultural and arts folk festival activities were lower than in 2018/2019. In terms of industry development, Taiwan’s cultural and creative industries have been growing continually in 2019. Companies number, turnover and export amount of creative cultural industries increased compared with 2018, and the proportion of turnover to national GDP has also increased compared with 2018.
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目錄
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I. 緒論 1
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壹、前言 3
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一、文化統計的意涵 3
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二、國際間文化統計範疇 3
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三、我國文化統計彙編概況 4
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貳、文化統計架構 6
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一、文化與行政 6
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二、文化與教育 6
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三、文化與社會 6
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四、文化與產業 7
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參、文化統計調查方法 8
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一、次級資料蒐集 8
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二、問卷調查 8
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三、調查限制 12
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II. 主要文化統計數據與指標 13
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一、文化與行政 15
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二、文化與教育 16
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三、文化與社會 17
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四、文化與產業 18
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III. 文化統計提要分析 19
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壹、文化與行政 25
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一、文化行政組織 25
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二、文化行政人力 27
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三、文化經費 31
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四、文化法規 44
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貳、文化與教育 49
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一、政府人才培育 49
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二、學校人才培育 49
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三、社會人才培育 53
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參、文化與社會 61
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一、文化資源 61
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二、藝文展演與節慶 64
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三、人文與出版 74
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四、影視與流行音樂 77
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五、文化交流 86
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六、文化參與及文化消費 93
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七、綜合性文化獎項辦理概況 103
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八、觀光 104
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肆、文化與產業 109
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一、文化創意產業 109
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二、文化貿易 116
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IV. 其他重要社經統計數據 119
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V. 統計表 123
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VI. 附錄 285
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附錄一、文化統計名詞說明 287
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附錄二、文化參與及消費調查核心題組問卷 294
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圖目錄
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表目錄
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備註
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相關資訊請洽服務人員(02)2586-5000 分機237。
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