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2024文化統計
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類別：其他專案出版品
出版品名稱：2024文化統計
研究人員：林詠能,卓怡君
出版年月：202505
頁數：412
關鍵字：文化,統計
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內容摘要
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2024年我國《文化統計》乃依據聯合國教科文組織「2030年文化指標」及「2009年聯合國教科文組織文化統計架構」，整合原(2023年)文化統計指標、考量我國國情與文化發展需求後所編定。2024年文化統計架構包含「文化治理」、「文化培力」、「文化韌性」、「文化經濟」、「文化參與」及「文化平權與多樣性」6大構面，以期展現出我國文化事務發展更為完整的面貌。以下為我國2024年文化統計結果之摘要說明。。
（一）文化治理
文化與行政主要呈現我國2023年公部門及第三部門之組織編制、經費、人力、經費、文化永續治理與法規新增修訂之概況。在文化經費編列方面，我國2023年中央政府文化支出預算為32,049.73百萬元，較2022年大幅增加22.17%，占中央政府總預算的比率上，由2022年之1.17%略微升高至2023年之1.19%。地方政府文化支出預算金額亦由2022年之43,018.37百萬元增加至2023年之46,457.21百萬元，較2022年之43,018.37百萬元，增加7.99%，占地方政府總預算的比率則由2022年之3.11%增加至2023年之3.16%。
在文化部之預算上，2023年文化部及所屬機關(構)共計編列預算21,021.39百萬元，占中央政府文化支出預算總金額之65.59%，占中央政府總預算之比率為0.78%，若納入前瞻基礎建設預算及疫後振興預算共35.63億元，2023年文化部預算占中央政府總預算的比率則占0.91%。在行政法人的部分，國家表演藝術中心、文化內容策進院及國家電影及視聽文化中心2023年之總收入決算為47.50億元，較2022年之43.87億元增加8.27%。在文化事務財團法人年度經費上，2023年每家平均收入為58,668千元，較2022年減少，收入大於支出家數占比亦較2022年減少。在補助金額上，2023年文化部補助縣市政府及國內團體金額達15,181.90百萬元，較2022年大幅增加66.3%。國家文化藝術基金會常態性及專案性補助件數共計1,153件，補助金額為3.81億元，平均每件補助金額為33.0萬元。
在文化行政人力上，2023年文化部及所屬機關(構)與行政法人人力總數為3,337人，其他中央政府機關業務涉及文化領域之人力共計3,077人，二者合計6,414人，較2022年之6,420人減少0.09%，至於2022年地方政府文化局(處)及行政法人之人力則減少1.64%，為4,563人。此外，為了因應全球減碳趨勢，文化部積極推動文化淨零轉型，於2023年投入7,476.6萬元進行相關示範計畫。同時，企業社會責任在文化發展中發揮一定作用，2023年44.6%的上市櫃企業參與支持文化發展，顯示出企業對文化的重視。
（二）文化培力
文化培力主要說明我國文化領域之人才培育情形。為培育學生具備藝術涵養與美感素養，除在課程綱要中規範國民中小學及普通高中藝術課程時數外，教育部亦針對幼兒園、國小、國中及高中師推動美感教育課程，2023年之參與校數達1,136校，學生數為63,016人，共計培育728位師資生，1,714位在職教師，354位教育行政人員。2023年國內共有142所大專校院開設文化相關學門課程，聘任專任教師數8,482名，文化相關學門學生人數為231,241人，占國內高等教育在學學生人數之21.12%，文化相關學門畢業生數為56,479人，約占全國高等教育畢業生數之20.55%。在高中職文化相關學科學生數占高中職總學生數的比率為13.10%，畢業生數占高中職總畢業生數的14.0%，在少子化趨勢下，文化學門/學科學生數及畢業生數皆較2022年下降。2023年在臺研習文化領域之大專外籍學位生人數共計10,067人，約占在臺大專外籍學位生總數之27.2%。在政府文化人才培育上，中央政府之文化人才培育時數及參與人次雖有下降，地方政府及民間部門辦理之課程時數及參與人次則皆為增加。至於在文化獎項上，文化部自辦及補助辦理之31個獎項中之報名件數共計39,108件，得獎件數共計664件。
（三）文化韌性
文化韌性為描繪我國文化資源面向，在文化資產方面，2023年古蹟/歷史建築/紀念建築/聚落建築群/史蹟/考古遺址/文化景觀數共計2,981處，古物件組達2,489組/件，傳統藝術、民俗、口述傳統及傳統知識與實踐共計781項。在文化資產災害風險管理上，文化部、地方文化局處2023年共計辦理67次減少文化資產災害風險相關防災演練。在文化設施數量上，2023年我國文化展演場所總計3,608處，平均每百萬民眾享有之文化展演場所數為154個，公設文化設施共計608家，收入共計48.36億元，博物館及地方文化館家數共計348家，其中博物館專業認定家數為79家。在電影院家數上，2023年為112家，廳數共計955廳，平均每十萬人享有4.08個電影銀幕數，近年來呈現家數減少廳數增加的狀況。為了推動社區營造，2023年文化部共編列9.76億元經費推動「社區營造與村落文化發展計畫」及「博物館與地方文化館推動與輔導計畫」，結合在地居民、團體力量，培育社造人才，讓文化在地方落實生根。
（四）文化經濟
文化與產業主要呈現我國文化創意產業之發展情形。2023年我國文化創意產業總家數為73,496家，較2022年度增加2.60%，營業額為11,281.37億元，較2022年成長3.45%；外銷占比為9.99%，略低於2022年，營業額占我國國內生產毛額的比率為4.78%，與2022年相當。在市場發展上，2023年共計出版57,338種新書，平均每千人擁有2.45本新書，兩廳院售票系統銷售金額為15.7億元，較2023年大幅增加37.7%，全國電影票房為76.58億元，較2022年減少3.78%，音樂市場銷售額約為27.26億元，較2022年增加4.47%，其中實體唱片銷售額較2022年增加21.66%，而數位音樂市場雖仍呈現上升，但僅增加1.23%。近年來有線電視事業用戶之訂戶收入逐年下滑，2023年訂戶收入共計2,446.6百萬元，較2022年減少4.56%。
文化相關產業就業人數計298,753人，較2022年增加4.11%，占全國總就業人數比重為2.59%，較2022年增高。就業金卡自2018年2月實施，至2023年底，文化、藝術領域至2023年底累計核發605人次，占總許可人次之6.96%，2023年為核發139人次，占2023年總核發人次之5.8%。2023年外國專業人員有效聘僱許可人次共計48,506人次，其中從事宗教、藝術及演藝工作人次共計1,944人次，占總有效聘僱人次之4.01%。
（五）文化參與
文化參與呈現民眾對於各類文化領域活動的參與概況。2023/2024年民眾在電影、表演藝術類活動、視覺藝術類活動、文藝民俗節慶活動、博物館等文化藝術機構與設施等現場活動參與率皆較2021/2022年大幅增加，書籍閱讀亦較2021/2022年增加，但在電視、廣播、報紙、雜誌等收視、收聽及閱讀率則較2021/2022年降低。在數位參與上，包含線上影視、音樂、閱讀等，近年來參與率皆穩定增加。在文化消費上，2023年我國平均每戶家庭消費支出為861,305元，其中休閒、文化及教育消費支出為60,072元，占消費支出之6.97%，金額較2022年增加，若扣除教育支出及套裝旅遊，平均每戶家庭文化消費支出為23,520元，較2022年之23,084元增加1.89%。
在藝文活動的參與上，2023年全國藝文活動共計舉辦56,123個，出席人次則為288,741千人次，平均每萬人享有之藝文活動場次為24場，平均每人出席藝文活動次數為12.33次，藝文活動場次及出席人次皆較2022年大幅上升。2023年國立文化相關機關共計34家，總入館人次為3,848.8萬人次，平均每館入館人次為113.2萬人次，較2022年之82.67萬人次大幅增加，收費入館人次占總入館人次由2022年之24.49%提高至2023年之27.62%。在電影觀影人次上，2023年全國電影院觀影人次為29,241,343人次，平均每人口之觀影次數為1.25次，我國有線電視數位機上盒訂戶數為451.7萬戶，家戶普及率為48.88%，普及率逐年降低，數位付費頻道訂戶數則為161.4萬戶，多媒體內容傳輸平台之訂戶數為205.5萬戶，普及率各僅占全國總戶數之17.47%及22.24%。
（六）文化平權與多樣性
文化平權與多樣性說明政府為促進各族群及不同對象平等的文化近用權之措施與概況，以及社會對多元文化的包容及接受度。在國家語言的推動上，國民小學、國民中學及高級中學修習本土語言之學生數共計1,702,362人，修習臺灣台語、臺灣客語、臺灣原住民族語、臺灣手語、馬祖語之占比分別占88.15 %、7.98%、2.70%、1.13%及0.04%，2023年已取得本土語言認證的現職教師、原住民專職族語老師及教學支援工作人員共計21,623人；2023年到考臺灣台語認證考試者計13,879人，臺灣客語認證為17,354人，原住民族語言為27,144人，手語翻譯技能檢定為199人，通過率分別為66.89%、59.32%、40.71%及15.58%。在多元文化在臺發展上，2023年國外藝文團體或個人來臺展演活動個數占全國藝文展演活動之11.20%，ISBN其他語言書籍及翻譯書申請數占整體申請書的比重為37.08%，電影片審議分級部數非國片的比率達84.92%。
在文化平權發展上，2023年全國藝文活動展演場地場所數、公設文化設施個數、博物館及地方文化館個數及電影院廳數皆是以北部地區個數最高，占比分別為43.5%、39.6%、35.9%、55.6%；在平權設施上，以具「無障礙廁所」的場館最多，占82.1%。在文化相關機關之文化人力上，文化部及所屬機關(構)與行政法人、中央政府文化相關機關、地方政府文化局(處)、第三部門人力之性別分布皆以女性為主，以40歲以上人力為主力，各類機關占比皆在6成以上。在文化參與上，女性在表演藝術、視覺藝術、博物館的參與率高於男性，在聽廣播、閱讀報紙、雜誌的參與率則是男性高於女性；以年齡區分觀察，20至29歲者為對電影、流行音樂、視覺藝術、博物館、線上影視、線上音樂、數位閱讀之參與度最高的族群，但對電視、廣播、報紙、雜誌的參與率最低；以地區觀察，六都各項目的參與率高於非六都地區，北部地區民眾在電影、書籍、視覺藝術及博物館的參與比率最高，在廣播、報紙、文藝民俗節慶活動的參與率最低。
整體而言，2023年在政府投入上，政府文化經費及對藝文的補助皆大幅度成長。在產業發展及藝文參與上亦已脫離嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎影響，呈現報復性的成長，民眾在藝文活動的參與、文化設施參觀皆較2023年明顯增加，整體文創產業的營業額亦較2022年大幅成長。除此之外，隨著全球ESG發展趨勢，上市櫃公司陸續投入資源支持文化發展，而文化設施也積極推動淨零轉型、強化文化資產韌性等措施，以期能為文化永續發展奠定更厚實的基礎。
Taiwan’s “Cultural Statistics” are based on the basis of UNESCO’s “Culture|2030 Indicators” and “Cultural Statistics Framework 2009”. The framework was developed by integrating the original (2023) cultural statistical indicators while considering Taiwan’s national conditions and cultural development needs. The 2024 cultural statistics framework encompasses six major fields: Cultural Governance, Cultural Empowerment, Cultural Resilience, Cultural Economy, Cultural Participation, and Cultural Equity & Diversity, aiming to present a more comprehensive picture of Taiwan’s cultural affairs development. The following is a summary of the results of 2023 cultural statistics.
1. Culture and Administration
“Cultural Governance” primarily outlines the organizational structure, budget allocation, workforce, cultural sustainability governance, and legislative amendments related to Taiwan’s public sector and third sector in 2023. In 2023, the central government’s cultural expenditure budget was NT$32,049.73 million, marking a 22.17% increase from 2022. Its share of the central government’s total budget also slightly increased from 1.17% in 2022 to 1.19% in 2023. Local governments' cultural expenditure budget grew from NT$43,018.37 million in 2022 to NT$46,457.21 million in 2023, reflecting a 7.99% increase. The proportion of local government budgets allocated to cultural affairs rose from 3.11% in 2022 to 3.16% in 2023.
In 2022, the Ministry of Culture and its affiliated institutions’ budget totaled NT$21,021.39 million, accounting for 65.59% of the central government’s total cultural budget and 0.78% of the central government’s total budget. When including the Forward-looking Infrastructure Development Program and Post-pandemic Recovery Budget, which totaled NT$3,563 million, the MOC’s total budget share rose to 0.91% of the central government’s budget. The total revenue of the National Performing Arts Centers, the Institute of Cultural Contents and the National Film and Audiovisual Culture Center was NT$4.75 billion, an increase of 6.35% over the total revenue of NT$4.387 billion in 2022. For cultural foundations, the average annual income per foundation in 2022 was NT$58.668 million, showing a decline from 2022. Additionally, the proportion of foundations where income exceeded expenditures also decreased compared to 2022. In terms of subsidies, the MOC provided NT$15,181.90 million in subsidies to local governments and domestic organizations in 2023, representing a 66.3% increase from 2022. The National Culture and Arts Foundation funded 1,153 projects, distributing NT$381 million, with an average grant amount of NT$330,000 per project.
In 2023 there was a total of 3,337 personnel in the Ministry of Culture and its affiliates (organizations) and administrative legal departments. In other central government authorities with culture-related affairs there were 3,077 staff, these two groups together giving an overall total of 6,414 personnel. Compared with 2022’s 6,420 personnel, this was an decreased of 0.09%. As for the local government cultural bureaux and divisions, personnel decreased by 1.64% to 4,563. To align with global carbon reduction efforts, the MOC actively promoted cultural net-zero transformation, investing NT$747.66 million in related pilot projects in 2023. Additionally, corporate social responsibility (CSR) played a significant role in cultural development, with 44.6% of publicly listed companies participating in cultural support initiatives in 2023, highlighting the increasing corporate emphasis on cultural development.
2. Cultural Empowerment
“Culture and Education” explains the condition and status of current personnel cultivation in Taiwan. To nurture students' artistic literacy and aesthetic competence, the Ministry of Education (MOE) incorporated specific arts curriculum hours into elementary, junior high, and senior high school education guidelines. Furthermore, in 2023, the MOE promoted aesthetic education programs across 1,136 schools, benefiting 63,016 students, and trained 728 pre-service teachers, 1,714 in-service teachers, and 354 education administrators.
In 2023, a total of 142 colleges and universities set up culture-related courses, employing 8,482 full-time teachers. The number of students engaged in culture-related departments was 231,241, accounting for 21.12% of the total number of students in domestic higher education. There were 56,479 graduates in culture-related departments, accounting for 20.55% of higher education graduates. At the high school and vocational school level, students enrolled in culture-related disciplines constituted 13.10% of the total student body, while culture-related graduates made up 14.0% of total high school and vocational school graduates. However, due to Taiwan’s declining birthrate, both student enrollment and graduation numbers in cultural fields decreased compared to 2022. In 2023, a total of 10,067 international students in Taiwan pursued culture-related degree programs, representing 27.2% of all international degree students in universities. While central government-sponsored cultural training hours and participant numbers declined, local governments and private sector organizations expanded their cultural training programs, leading to increased course hours and participation. Regarding cultural awards, the MOC organized or subsidized 31 cultural award programs in 2023, receiving 39,108 submissions, with 664 awards granted.
3. Cultural Resilience
“Cultural Resilience” illustrates Taiwan’s cultural resources. In 2023, there are a total of 2,981 monuments/historical buildings/memorial buildings/settlements/historical sites/ archaeological sites/cultural landscapes, 2,489historic objects, and 781 traditional art/folk and related cultural relics. To enhance disaster risk management for cultural heritage, the MOC and local cultural bureaus organized 67 disaster risk reduction drills for cultural heritage sites in 2023. There were a total of 3,608 venues for cultural exhibitions and performances in 2023. equating to 154 venues per million people. Among them, 608 were public cultural facilities, generating a total revenue of NT$4.836 billion. A total of 348 museums and local cultural centers received subsidies in 2022, of which the number of certified museums is now 79. Regarding cinemas, there were 112 movie theaters operating 955 screening halls in 2023, averaging 4.08 cinema screens per 100,000 people. In recent years, while the number of theaters has declined, the total number of screening halls has increased. To promote community-building initiatives, the MOC allocated NT$976 million in 2023 for the Community Building & Local Cultural Development Program and the Museum & Local Cultural Center Promotion and Assistance Program. These initiatives aimed to foster local engagement, empower community organizations, and cultivate cultural talent, ensuring that cultural development takes root at the grassroots level.
4. Cultural Economy
“Cultural Economy” illustrates the development of the cultural and creative industries in Taiwan. In 2023, there were 73,496 cultural and creative industries, an increase of 2.60% over 2022. Their turnover was NT$11,281.37million, an increase of 3.45% compared to 2022, and export share accounted for 9.99%, which was lower that of 2022. The ratio of turnover to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increased from 4.78% in 2023, similar to 2022. For the market development, a total of 57,338 new book titles were published in 2023, averaging 2.45 new books per 1,000 people. Ticket sales through the National Theater & Concert Hall ticketing system reached NT$1.57 billion, marking a 37.7% increase from 2022. Total box office revenue for 2023 was NT$7.658 billion, showing a 3.78% decline from 2022. The music market generated NT$2.726 billion in 2023, reflecting a 4.47% increase from 2022, of which physical record sales surged by 21.66% compared to 2022, while the digital music market continued to grow but with only a 1.23% increase. Subscription revenue for 2023 was NT$2.4466 billion, reflecting a 4.56% decline from 2022, continuing the downward trend in recent years.
The number of employees in these industries was 298,753, an increase of 4.11% from 2022 and 2.59% of the overall national workforce, up from 2022. Since the implementation of the Employment Gold Card in February 2018, a total of 605 permits had been issued in the culture and arts sectors by the end of 2023, representing 6.96% of all Gold Card approvals. In 2023, 139 Employment Gold Cards were issued in culture and arts, accounting for 5.8% of all Gold Cards issued that year. he total number of valid work permits for foreign professionals in 2023 was 48,506, with 1,944 permits issued for those engaged in religion, arts, and performing arts, comprising 4.01% of all valid work permits.
5. Cultural participation
“Cultural participation” reflects the public's engagement in various cultural activities. In 2023/2024, participation rates in movies, performing arts, visual arts, literary and folk festivals, museums, and other cultural institutions saw a significant increase compared to 2021/2022. Book reading also grew during this period, whereas viewership and readership of television, radio, newspapers, and magazines declined. In terms of digital participation, engagement in online streaming platforms for film, music, and reading has continued to grow steadily in recent years. In terms of cultural consumption, the average household consumption expenditure in my country will be 861,305 in 2023, of which spending on leisure, culture, and education was NT$60,072, accounting for 6.97% of consumer spending. The amount is higer than that in 2022. However, if deducting spending on education and travel packages, the average household cultural consumption expenditure per household was NT$23,520, a 1.89% increase from NT$23,084 in 2022.
In terms of participation in arts and cultural activities, there were 56,123 arts and cultural events held nationally. There were 288,741 thousand visits in 2023. The average number of arts and cultural events enjoyed per 10,000 people was 24, with an average of one person attending 12.33 arts events. Both the number of events and attendance rates increased significantly compared to 2022. There were a total of 34 national culture-related agencies with a total attendance of 38.488 million visits. The average number of admissions per venue was 0.1132 million, a sharp increase from 826,700 in 2022. The proportion of paid admissions among total visits rose from 24.49% in 2022 to 27.62% in 2023. Regarding movie attendance, a total of 29,241,343 cinema visits were recorded in 2023, with an average of 1.25 cinema visits per person. In the television sector, the number of cable TV digital set-top box subscribers was 4.517 million households, with a household penetration rate of 48.88%, which has been steadily declining. Digital pay-TV subscriptions totaled 1.614 million households, while multimedia content transmission platform subscriptions reached 2.055 million households, with penetration rates of 17.47% and 22.24%, respectively.
6. Cultural equity and diversity
“Cultural equity and diversity” highlight the government's efforts to ensure equal access to cultural resources for all ethnic groups and demographics, as well as society's inclusiveness and acceptance of multiculturalism. Regarding the promotion of national languages, the number of elementary, junior high, and senior high school students learning local languages in 2023 totaled 1,702,362. Among them, 88.15% studied Taiwanese Hokkien, 7.98% studied Hakka, 2.70% studied Indigenous languages, 1.13% studied Taiwanese Sign Language, and 0.04% studied Matsu dialect. Additionally, 21,623 in-service teachers, full-time Indigenous language teachers, and teaching assistants obtained local language certification. The Taiwanese Hokkien proficiency exam saw 13,879 candidates, the Hakka language exam had 17,354 candidates, the Indigenous languages exam had 27,144 candidates, and 199 people took the sign language interpretation skills test, with respective pass rates of 66.89%, 59.32%, 40.71%, and 15.58%. In terms of multicultural development in Taiwan, foreign art and cultural groups or individuals accounted for 11.20% of all performing arts events held in 2023. The proportion of ISBN applications for books in foreign languages or translated works was 37.08%, and 84.92% of films reviewed for classification were non-Taiwanese productions.
Regarding cultural equity, the majority of cultural venues were concentrated in northern Taiwan, with 43.5% of national arts and cultural performance venues, 39.6% of public cultural facilities, 35.9% of museums and local cultural centers, and 55.6% of movie theaters located in this region. Among accessibility-friendly venues, 82.1% were equipped with barrier-free restrooms. In terms of workforce composition in cultural institutions, women comprised the majority across the Ministry of Culture and its affiliated agencies, administrative corporations, central government cultural institutions, local cultural departments, and third-sector organizations. The cultural workforce was primarily aged 40 and above, with over 60% of employees in each category falling within this age range. Regarding cultural participation, women had higher participation rates than men in performing arts, visual arts, and museum visits, while men had higher participation in radio listening and newspaper/magazine reading. Looking at age groups, people aged 20 to 29 had the highest participation rates in movies, pop music, visual arts, museums, online video streaming, online music, and digital reading, but the lowest engagement in TV, radio, newspapers, and magazines. From a regional perspective, participation rates in all cultural activities were higher in the six major metropolitan areas (Taipei, New Taipei, Taoyuan, Taichung, Tainan, and Kaohsiung) than in non-metropolitan areas. In northern Taiwan, participation rates were highest for movies, books, visual arts, and museums, while lowest for radio, newspapers, and folk festivals.
Overall, in 2023, government investment in culture saw significant growth, with substantial increases in cultural funding and subsidies for arts and culture. The cultural and creative industries, as well as public participation in arts and cultural activities, rebounded strongly, overcoming the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. There was a notable surge in attendance at arts and cultural events and visits to cultural facilities, while the total revenue of the cultural and creative industries also experienced significant growth compared to 2022. Additionally, with the global shift toward ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) principles, publicly listed companies have increasingly allocated resources to support cultural development. Cultural institutions have also been actively promoting net-zero transformation and enhancing cultural heritage resilience, laying a stronger foundation for the long-term sustainability of culture.
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目錄
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I 緒論 1
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壹、前言 3
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一、文化統計的意涵 3
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二、國際間文化統計範疇 3
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三、我國文化統計彙編概況 5
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貳、文化統計架構6
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一、文化治理 6
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二、文化培力 6
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三、文化韌性 6
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四、文化經濟 6
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五、文化參與 7
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六、文化平權與多樣性 7
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參、文化統計調查方法 8
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一、次級資料蒐集 8
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二、問卷調查 8
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三、調查限制 12
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II 主要文化統計數據與指標 13
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一、文化治理 15
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二、文化培力 16
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三、文化韌性 17
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四、文化經濟 18
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五、文化參與 19
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六、文化平權與多樣性 21
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III 文化統計提要分析 27
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壹、文化治理 29
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一、文化行政組織 31
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二、文化經費 33
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三、文化行政人力 47
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四、文化永續治理 50
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五、文化法規 53
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貳、文化培力 55
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一、學校人才培育 57
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二、公私培力 63
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三、文化獎項 66
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參、文化韌性 73
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一、文化資產 75
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二、文化設施 78
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三、社區營造 83
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肆、文化經濟 87
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一、文化創意產業營運概況 89
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二、產業市場發展概況 95
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三、文化就業 105
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四、文化創意產業國際交流 107
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伍、文化參與 115
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一、文化參與及文化消費 117
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二、我國家庭休閒、文化及教育平均消費支出 128
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三、藝文展演與節慶 129
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四、影視觀影人次與訂戶數 134
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五、觀光 135
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陸、文化平權與多樣性 139
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一、國家語言發展 141
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二、多元平權 147
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IV 其他重要社經統計數據 159
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V 統計表 163
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VI 附錄361
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附錄一、文化統計名詞說明363
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附錄二、文化參與及消費調查核心題組問卷 370
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圖目錄
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表目錄
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