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電業法修正下需量反應推動策略與效益驗證模型研析
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類別：研究分析報告
出版品名稱：電業法修正下需量反應推動策略與效益驗證模型研析
研究人員：楊豐碩,施恩,古文潔,徐孟儒,詹穎儒,鄭伊秀
楊新全,王玟菁
出版年月：201905
頁數：350
關鍵字：需量反應,成本效益分析,事後驗證,Demand Response, Cost-Effective, Ex-Post Effect
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內容摘要
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台灣尖峰用電逐年成長，為維持供電穩定避免缺電危機，台電公司長期推動多元的需量反應負載管理措施，並獲致相當成效。然而，目前卻缺乏一套需量反應的成本效益評估機制，導致近期和平電廠鐵塔倒塌時，台電公司透過需量競價向用戶買回電力，卻遭到社會大眾誤解是無效率行為。因此建立有效的效益評估機制突顯其成效，透過評估機制審視方案的訂價策略，針對效益不彰的方案進行重新檢討與修正，對於台電公司及整體社會皆有助益。另一方面，面對電業法修正，台電公司未來將切割成發電、輸配電與售電業，但國際上輸配電業與售電業推動的需量反應方案定位有明顯不同，台電公司如何將現有方案進行拆分，亦或重新進行設計調整將是預期面臨到的課題。
基於上述課題，本計畫聚焦需量反應推動的先進國家(如美國、日本、澳洲等)，掌握該國電業推動需量反應的準則或設計方式，作為我國推動不同類型措施之效益衡量方法以及作業流程的參考依據；其次，因應電業法修正後，研討需量反應可納入備用容量或輔助服務之相關建議準則，做為我國未來需量反應參與交易市場之預備。同時，本計畫透過文獻蒐集，建構我國需量反應方案成本與效益驗證模型，此模型可實際應用於各類型需量反應方案之成本效益估算與事後驗證，供台電公司檢討不同方案之推動成效，並將相關成效納入台電年度需求面管理方案報告中，以利對外界說明。最終根據台電公司在電業改革過程之角色，進一步提出台電公司在電業改革下之不同時期需量反應策略，以及未來台電公司在不同階段之需量反應推動藍圖。
透過本計畫之執行，預計可達到不同層面之效益。產業效益面，未來產業若要參與需量反應方案，便有其標準可依循，提高產業界參與需量反應方案之動機；能源效益面，透過不同需量反應方案之成本效益驗證機制，可以使台電更聚焦於較有效益之需量反應方案，將對於尖峰負載抑低具有顯著的成果；環保效益面，透過尖峰抑低，用戶採移轉或提高效率之方式皆可帶來減碳效果；社會效益面，從用戶的角度思考需求面管理方案的修訂方向，使方案更貼近社會所需。
The peak load grows year by year in Taiwan. In order to maintain a reliable power supply, Taipower has long been providing diversified demand response programs (DR) to customers. However, there is no cost-benefit evaluation mechanism to review the performances of all Taipower’s programs. Therefore, the establishment of the cost-benefit evaluation mechanism to review the pricing strategies and performance assessment of these programs shows its importance on implementation of DR. Furthermore, with the amendment of the Electricity Act, Taipower is expected to cut into generation, transmission and distribution and retailing, which is considered a challenge how to split or to re-design the existing programs.
Regarding the above topics, this study identified the advanced countries which dedicated to promoting DR programs (such as the United States, Australia, Japan, etc.) and grasps the design guidelines of DR programs. In addition, this study bring out relevant suggestions according to the Electricity Act that DR can be applied to reserve margin and ancillary services as the future preparations for participating in the electricity markets. Meanwhile, this study reviewed the important literature of the DR cost-benefit analysis model and present these models which can be applied to various types of the DR programs in Taiwan. It can be the principle for Taipower to examine the cost-effective and as a reference to the public in the annual report of demand-side management. Ultimately, this study also propose DR strategies for Taipower in different reform stages of the electric industry and the roadmap for promoting the DR programs in the future.
The implications of this study are expected to achieve benefits in different categories, such as the aspects of industry, energy, environment, and society efficiency. For industry, it can trigger the incentives for companies to participate in DR programs according to cost-benefit analysis. On the energy side, through the cost and benefit model, Taipower could focus on more effective DR programs and reduce more peak load. Regarding the environment benefits, participants shift their electricity usage during peak period can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by curtailment; as for social benefits, from the user’s point of view to adjust the DR program can meet to the real needs.
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目錄
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壹、計畫背景與目標 1
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一、背景與目標 1
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二、計畫執行架構 2
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三、國內外相關研究之進展現況 4
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貳、計畫執行情形 6
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一、進行問卷調查與用戶訪談 7
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二、整理國際需量反應方案或負電力交易之相關準則與作業流程 19
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三、根據我國電業環境，建立需量反應交易認證標準 122
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四、國際需量反應之成本效益模型理論與文獻整理 156
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五、需量反應準則設計與效益驗證之出國參訪規劃 201
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六、建立我國需量反應方案效益驗證模型 205
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七、研擬年度需求面管理方案報告 210
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八、建構我國需量反應成本效益全面驗證模型 221
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九、提出台電公司在電業改革下之不同時期需量反應策略 232
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十、結論與建議 253
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參考文獻 255
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附件
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附件一 問卷定稿
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附件二 前測用戶訪查資訊
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附件三 面訪20戶訪查資訊
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附件四 出國報告論文 我國需量反應方案發展藍圖
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附件五 基準線驗證之R程式操作手冊
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附件六 需量反應成本效益模型SAS VA教學手冊
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圖目錄
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表目錄
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備註
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